බැද්දේගම නවකතාව විමසුම.

neoafoa.u kjl;dj úuiqu'

“ The novel “ Baddegama ” is a translation of the “ Villgae in the jungle ” written by the English writer Lenard Wolf. A. P. Gunarathne is the translator of this novel. The novel describes the historical reality of society in remote villages in Sri Lanka during the colonial rule. The writer has taken a good attempt in selecting the characters and incidents in suitable way in order to to achieve  the target of developing the story of the novel. The reality of the characters have caused to the success of the novel. ”

neoafoa.u z The Village in the Jungle Z keue;s bx.%sis kjl;dfõ mßj¾;khls' mßj¾;khla jQj o uq,a lD;sh wìnjd hk ;rug id¾:l;jhla <Õd lr .;a ks¾udKhls' thg fya;=j iEu mßj¾;k lD;shl u iEfyk ;rï iaj;ka;%;djla ;sìh yels fyhskS' lsishï f,aLlfhl= úiska ilia lrk ,o ks¾udKhl l,ams; woyia ;sìh yelsh' tu ks¾udKlrejdf.a wNsu;d¾: yd wkqN+;Ska fuka u mqreId¾: y÷kd.kakd mßj¾;lhd blaì;sj tys m%;sks¾udKhla lrhs'mßj¾;k nfiys iaj;ka;% ,laIK m< l< hq;= jkfka uq,a lD;sfha jQ wkqN+;Skaa mßj¾;k lD;sfha o we;s lsÍfukS'ta w;ska neoafoa.u úYsIag lD;shla njg m;a jkafka mßj¾;k ld¾hfha § mßj¾:lhd úiska wkq.ukh lrk ,o l%fudamdhka fya;=fjkS',dxflah iudch miìqï lr f.k bx.%Sis NdIdfjka ,shejqKq lD;Ska lsysmhla mßj¾:k ±lsh yelsh' ta w;=ßka neoafoa.u" jk irKsh wdÈ lD;s úYsIag .Kfha ks¾udK f,i y`ÿkd .; yel'

iaj;ka;% rpkhl kHdfhka ri;djla iys;j tu miqìug u .e,fmk mßÈ mßj¾;k ld¾h isÿ lr we;s fyhska uq,a lD;sfha úIh N+ñh" .=re wre;a yd w;a±lSï tf,i u isxy, mßj¾;lhdg o .%yKh fldg .; yels ù we;' úYaj idOdrK ñKqï oKavlska ks¾udK idys;Hfhys w.h ukskakg;a Wiia idys;Hh reÑhla we;s lrkakg;a foaYSh idys;Hfha wNsj¾Okh Wfoid;a mßj¾;k idys;Hfhka ,efnk msgqn,h iq¿mgqq fkdfõ'foaYSh ks¾udKhl we;s .=Kd;aulNdjh mßj¾;khl ke;ehs is;=j o ks¾udK ld¾hfhys ,d  úYsIag;djg WmldÍ jk idys;Hdx.hla f,i WmldÍ jk idy;sHdx.hla f,i mßj¾;k idys;Hh w.h l< yel'ta u`.ska mdGl ri{;dj ÈhqKq lr .ekSug o yelshdjla ,efí' neoafoa.u kjl;dj ms<sn| j úúO u;su;dka;r ks¾udKh ù we.hSug Ndckh ù we;af;a tu lD;sfhys we;s úYsIag;d lsysmhla fya;=fjkS' bx.%sis niska ,shejqKq fuu lD;sh ms<sn`o j jQ u; w;r"      

— jq,a*a uy;d wurKSh l;djla ,shd ;sfí'm%nkaO l;djkaf.ka isÿ úh yels fiajhg fuh lÈu ksoiqklS' ˜ hkqfjka ,kavka ghsïia mqj;amf;a m< jQ u;h o ie,ls,a,g .; yelsh'

hg;aúð;jdÈ md,k ;ka;%h hgf;a Y%S ,dxflah fkdÈhqKq .eñ iudch yd ne£ mej;=Kq ft;sydisl i;Hh miqìï fldg f.k f.dvkÕk ,o l,ams;hla f,i neoafoa.u kjl;dj ye¢kaúh yels h'

 iajlSh mrud¾:hkag wkql+, jk fia pß; fuka u isoaê ixl,kh lrñka f.dvkÕd.;a l;d úkHdihla fuys olakg ,efí' ukd ;¾ldkql+, fya;=- M, iïnkaO;djla we;s jk mßÈ isoaê .e,mSu fya;=fjka u;= flfrk NjH iajNdjh mokï lr f.k l;dmqj; úYajikSh;ajfhka bÈßm;a ù we;'

 fuu f,aLlhd iajlSh w;±lSï jvd;a m%n, f,i bÈßm;a lsÍug iqÿiq jk wdldrfhka mqoa.," iudc yd ixialD;sl wx.hka ukdj y÷kdf.k ;sfí' ta wkqj kjl;dlrejd tlS ish¨ wx. jvd;a l,d;aul wkaoñka ixfhdackh lrhs'

kQ.;a idïm%odhsl .eñ ck;dj Tjqka md,kh lsÍu i|yd bÈßm;a jk uq,doEks me,eka;sh yd .eñhka Wmhk ish,a, iQrd lEug k.rfhka .ug meñfKk fj<| n,fõ.h hk wxYhka w;r we;s flfrk Ôjk wr.,h fuka u fulS miqìu ksid we;s jk .eg¨ldÍ ;;a;ajhka úi£ug bÈßm;a jk hg;aúð; md,k ;ka;%hg rel=,a fok ks,OdÍka hk wxY w;r we;s jk úixfhda.h iy m%;súfrdaOh kjl;dlrejd wmQ¾j;ajhlska hq;= j m%;sks¾udKh fldg we;'

neoafoa.u kjl;dj ;;ald,Sk h:d¾:h ksrEmKh flfrk id¾:l kjl;djla f,i ú.%y l< yels h' ta u.ska kjl;dlrejd wfmalaId lf<a wêrdcHjdÈ md,k l%ufhys mej;s ÿ¾j,;d wkdjrKh lsÍughs' ta i|yd l;=jrhd mSvkhg m;a ck Ôú;h úIhfhys idkqlïms; oDIaáhla fy<Sug h;ak orhs' neoafoa.u jpkfha mßiudma; w¾:fhka u neoafoa ^le,fha& msysá msáir .uls' ta nj kjl;dj wdrïNfha isÿ lrk miqìï úia;rfhka ;yjqre fjhs'

zzuy uqyqog;a" l÷jeáj,g;a w;r my;rg ;eks;,d m%foaYhl msysá .uls neoafoa.u' ta wjáka jQfha >k le,Ejls' fufia le,Ejg neoaog ueÈ j msysá fyhska ta .ug neoafoa.u hk ku bfíu we;s jQjls' uy uqyqola fia fmkqKq .u jgd msysá jk frdo ksid wE; W;=frka jQ l÷jeá Wia jQ m÷re ì;l isßh b÷rd m< lf<a h' WKqiqï jd;h o ¥ú,s o úh<S fmdä ù .sh o~qm;a o msif.k wd jk.| .u mqrd me;sr .sfha h'ZZ1

kjl;dlrejd b;d wmQre j¾Kkhl ksr; fjñka neoafoa.u ms<sn| wm is;ays Ñ;a;rEm ueùug iu;a j we;' tn÷ mßirhl mysás neofao.aug wêrdcHjdÈ md,kfha yia;h flfia È.= ù o"tlS yia;h È.= jQ my< u md,k tallh f,i ie,flk uq,doEks me<eka;sh flfia l%shd;aul ù o@ hk lreKq b;d .eUqre f,i ú.%y lsÍug kjl;dlrejd wjia:dj i,id .kshs'

neofao.au kjl;dlrejdf.a mrud¾:h jQfha wêrdcHjdÈ md,k l%uh .ug l%shd;aul fkdùu fya;=fjka .ul  úkdYh isÿ jQ wdldrh ú.%y lsÍuhs' ta i|yd iqÿiqq l;dmqj;la f;dard .ekSu kjl;dfõ id¾:l;ajhg fya;= ù we;'

neofao.au h:d¾:jd§ kjl;djls' Ôú; újrKh wNsfm%a; lr f.k iïmdokh flfrk kjl;dfõ uQ,sl ,laIKhla jk h:d¾: ksrEmKh hkafkka woyia jkqfha ñksia Ôú; h:d¾:h i;H f,i wjHdc j ksrEmKh lsÍuhs' fuhska woyia jkqfha Ôú;h we;s ieáfhka u fyj;a ;d;aúl j ksrEmKh lsÍug jvd ñksia Ôú;fha h:d w¾:h fyj;a kshu w¾:h ksrEmKh lsÍu h'

h:d¾: ksrEmKfhys ,d f,aLlhd w;ska isÿ jkafka h:d ;;a;ajh ms<sn| iajlSh m%;sl%shd ±laùuhs¡ hkqfjka jQ woyi u.ska o kjl;djl h:d¾: ksrEmKh ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels h' h:d¾: ksrEmKh yd iïnkaO j fmdÿ wdl,amhla mej;sh o th tla tla f,aLlhd yd tla tla rgj, mj;akd woyia wkqj fjkia úh yels h' flfia jqj o neoafoa.u h:d¾:jdÈ kjl;djla f,i ú.%y lsÍug idOl mj;S' ;;ald,Sk iudc h:d¾:h .eUqßka ú.%y lsÍfï § kjl;dlrejd tys ksrEms; pß;" mßirh iuÕ ftkaøSh j iïnkaO lr .kshs'

kjl;dfõ we;=<;a pß;" ia;r lsysmhla ksfhdackh lrhs' m<uqjekak kï .fï Ôj;a jk úúO ÿ¾j,lï" wkaO úYajdi iy ±ä wd;aud¾:h" mrd¾:h" i;aNdjh" wjxl;ajh wdosfhka iukaú; .eñ Ôú;hhs' fuu Ôú; b;d ÿlaÅ; ;;a;ajhlg m;a jQfha wêrdcHjd§kaf.a w¥ro¾YS whym;a md,k l%uh l%shd;aul l< md,lhkaf.a l%shdl,dmh fya;=fjks'

neoafoa.u .u úkdYh lrd .uka lsÍfï § l%shd;aul jQ m%Odk n,fõ.h jQfha wêrdcHjdÈ md,k tallfha my< u ia;rh jQ wdrÉÑ,f.a ueÈy;a ùuhs'.eñ Ôú; l;dka;rfha § B<Õ m%Odk n,fõ.h jQfha fj<| n,fõ.h hs' wdrÉÑ,f.a uÕ fmkaùu u; .ug meñKs m%kdkaÿ uqo,d,s .fï jQ tluq;=lu úkdY lrñka Tjqfkdjqka w;r wiu.sh jmqrjd úkdYhg uÕ mdohs'

;=kajk n,fõ.h f,i kjl;dlrejd u;= lrkafka ì%;dkH md,kh iy tlS md,kh i|yd iydh foñka kS;sh fufyh jQ mqoa.,hka h' foaYSh md,k lafIa;%fhys l%shd;aul jQ wdrÉÑ, iy rfÜ uy;a;hd jeks mqoa.,hkag jvd neoafoa.u kQ.;a ck;djf.a m%Yak foi idkqlïms; oDIaáhla fy<Sug ufyaia;%d;ajrhd iy m%Odk kvqldr;=ud iu;a ùu u.ska ;;ald,Sk iudc h:d¾:h yd mqoa., h:d¾:h fy<s fjhs'

kjl;dlrejd neoafoa.u kjl;dj u.ska ;;ald,Sk iudc h:d¾:h ksrEmKh lsÍfï § fidndoyu keue;s n,fõ.h úiska neoafoa.u ñksiqkaf.a Ôú;j,g isÿ flfrk n,mEu o u;=fõ' wõj" jeiai" jika.; ksid;a iajNdjfhka u ks¾udKh ù we;s .u wjg jkh ksid;a fuu ñksia Ôú; oeä fia mSvdjg m;a fjhs' fuu n,fõ. y;f¾ l%shdldÍ;ajh h:d¾:jdÈ f,i újrKh lsÍfï § ;;ald,Sk ,xld iudch wmQ¾j f,i m%;sks¾udKh ù we;'

my; i|yka m%ldYhkaf.ka  o fï nj meyeÈ,s fõ'

 zzneofao.au jQ l,S ,xldfõ wE; le,E fmfoil msysá .ul ñksiqkaf.a Ôú;h meyeÈ,s f,i o ;;;ajldrfhka o úia;r lrk l;d m%jD;a;shlS'˜3

.eñ ñksiqkaf.a Ôú;j, mj;akd lgql;ajh iudch bÈßfha u;=jkafka b;d l,d;=rlsks' ks¾udK u.ska we;eï úg l,dlrejd mjd u;= lrkafka ienE h:d¾:h u fkdfõ' tfy;a neoafoa.u ks¾udKlrejd bx.%sis cd;slhl= jqj o tlS Ôú; h:d¾:h fuka u iudc h:d¾:h o ;;a;ajdldrfhka y÷kd .ekSug iu;a fjhs' yïnkaf;dg m%foaYfha msysá wE; msáir .ul ñksiqkaf.a Ôú; ta i|yd f;dard .kafka tfyhsks'

f,kdâ jq,a*a úiska fuu lD;sh ks¾udKfhys,d fhdod .kakd ,o l%fudamdhhkag jvd mßj¾;k ld¾hfha § mßj¾;lhd l;=jrhdg miqìï jQ iudch úIhfhys iú{dkl jk whqre is;a.kakd iq¨ h'

fuu lD;sfhys úfYaI;ajh jkafka ,xldfõ ck Ôú;h ms<sn| j úfoaYslhl= úiska fy<k ,o oDIaáh hs' lD;sh mßj¾;kfha § mßj¾;lhdg f,aLlhd yd NdIdj úcd;sl jqj o lD;sfha ksrEms; iudch" pß;" isoaê wdÈh iajlSh foaYh iudch yd ixialD;sh iuÕ noaO ùu jeo.;a idOlhls'tneúka mßj¾;lhdg lD;sfha ksÍlaIlhd iam¾I l< ;eka myiqfjka yiq lr .ekSug yels j ;sfí'

fuu lD;sfhys mßj¾;k iajrEmh ms<sn| lD;sfhys fmrjofka woyia olajk uydpd¾h irÉpkaøhka —.=Kr;ak uy;d úiska jHjydr lrk ,o ugis,sgq jd.aud,dj jkdys fï kjl;dfjys iajNdúl;ajhg w;sYhska ;=vq fokakls' Tyq úiska Wmfhda.S fldg f.k ;sfnk ir," Rcq" w,xldr rpkd ú,dih jkdys uq,a l;dfjys ;d;aúl ri iuQyh Woajykh lsÍfuys ,d iu;alï olajk nj uq,a lD;sh ii|kafkl=g fmkS hkq ksiel h'˜4 hkqfjka i|yka lrhs'

WÑ; wjia:d yd isoaê muKla f;dard .ekSfuys ,d kjl;dlrejd olajk wmQ¾j l=i,;dj is;a .kakd iq¨ h' 

úúO ixlS¾K l:d ,laIK iu`. noaO fldg m%:umqreI i¾jfõ§ oDIaáfldaKfhka l;dj bÈßm;a lr ;sfí'

fuu l;dj f.dvke.Sfï § kjl;dlrejd f.dvk.k ixjdo fuka u ú{dkOdrd wdÈh l;d rih ;Sj% lsÍug iu;a fjhs' ixfla; wka lsis`ÿs Wml%uhlg;a fkdfofjks jk wdldrfhka fhdod .ekSu u`.ska èjksmQ¾K .=Khla l;djg m%fõY ù we;' WodyrK jYfhka nfnydñ wdrÉÑ, urd±ófï fÉ;kdj iÕjd.;a is<s÷ Tyq msgqmiska fyakg hk wjia:dj ±laúh yelsh'

zzó yrld yßu fudavhs' keoao wdrÉÑ W! yßhg u fudavhs' W!g fmfkkafk kE' W!g wefykafk kE' W! Tfya ufâ ,e., bkakjd' ñksiaiq wjqreoaola .dfk W! miafika t<jkjd' wjqreoafoka wjqreoaog' ta;a W! okafk kE' W!g wefykafk kE' W!g fmfkkafk kE' WU ta j. okakj o@ ux ta j. okakjd' uu ovhlaldrfhla' b;sx b;sx W!g <x fj,d fjä ;shkjd' ta fï yßfh biair fj,d u fvdax .d,d ioaohla weyqKd' W! lef,a ì|f.k .shd' Wf.a wef.a f,a fmß fmÍ' W! nhhs' fyd|g u nhhs' W!g ;o fõokdjhs' fõokdfjka Wf. flaka;sh weúiaiqKd' flaka;sfhka wdrÉÑ W!;a lmáfhla jqKd'ZZ5

fuys § l;=jrhd fhdod f.k we;s ó yrld is<s÷f.a m%fõ.ldÍ háis; ms<sn| ukd ixfla;hls'

fuu wjia:d ksrEmKh yd ne÷Kq nia jyr" pß;" isoaê" wjia:d yd ufkdaNdj wdÈh iuÕ ukdj noaO j m%ldYk iajrEm m%n, ù we;' tfia u ;d;aúl ksrEmKhg jvd;a iqÿiq NdIdjla mßyrKh lsÍu fya;=fjka l;d rih j¾Okh ù we;' iEu wjia:djl § u l;dmqj;g f.dapr jk wdldrfha l;d l,djla ks¾udKh lr .ekSu o fuu lD;sfhys we;s úfYaI;ajhls' tlS l;d l,djg .e,fmk mßÈ Ys,amO¾u l,d;aul ixhuhlska hq;= j mßyrKh lsÍug l;=jrhd j.n,df.k we;'

fuu kjl;dfõ kjl;d lrejd Widúfha § isÿ jQ isoaê ksrEmK u.ska .eñhdg fkdf;afrk nilska bgq jk idOdrKh mjd tu kQ.;a ck;djg w¾:j;a fkdjk nj wkdjrKh lrhs' fidndoyu úiska neoafoa.u ñksiqkaf.a Ôú;j,g we;s flfrk n,mEu fya;=fjka fuu ñksiqkaf.a ðú; w.dohg m;a jQ wdldrh kjl;dlrejd ksrEmKh lrk iEu mßir j¾Kkhlska jQj o meyeÈ,s fõ'

zz.u jkfhka u mfgka .ekS jkfhka u fl<jr jfQha h' jkh .u jg lr f.k .ug by<ska o jefvñka .u ;ono lr f.k isáfhaah' f.ñÿ,a yd t<suyka ;eka wl=,a lrf.k ueá f.j,a ñßldf.k uxfm;a wyqrd f.k jkh yd;amiska u jevqfKah' .u iïmQ¾Kfhka u jk n;a ùu j,lajd .; yels jQfha wjqreÿ m;d le;s fmdfrdaj,ka myr § my;a lr ±ófuks'ZZ6

kjl;dj jkdys ukd Ôú; újrKhls' tlS Ôú; újrKh id¾:l ùu i|yd n,mdk uqLH wx.hla jkafka" kjl;dfõ we;=<;a pß;j, ls%hdldÍ;ajhhs'neoafoa.u kjl;dfõ we;=<;a pß; tys l%shdldß;ajh i|yd m%n, idOlhla ù we;' fuu kjl;dfõ l;d kdhlhd f,i ksrEmKh jkafka is<s÷ h' Tyq ish¨ n,fõ.hkag ksy~ j uqyqK fok mqoa.,hd h' Tyq fudavfhl= f,i iuia; kjl;dj mqrdu ksrEmKh jqj o kjl;dj w.Nd.fha § l;=jrhd Tyqf.a h:diajNdjh mdGlhdg y÷kd .ekSug bv i,iajhs'

fiiq pß; ksrEmKfhys ,d l;=jrhd wkq.ukh lrkafka uOHia: mÍlaIlhl=f.a iajNdjhhs' Tyq ish¨ pß;hkays l%shdldÍ;ajh uek n,d ta ta whf.a Ôú; iajNdjhka ;=,kh lsÍug wjldYh i,id .kshs' kjl;dfõ m%Odk u ld¾h jkdys pß; ksrEmKhhs" hkak mila lrk kjl;dlrejd tys iudc" ixialD;sl n,fõ. ish,a, tl u ;,hlg /f.k tkafka" pß;hkayS ls%hdldß;ajh iuÕ h' tfia u kjl;dfõ id¾:l;ajh i|yd tys Ndú; niajyr o iDcq n,mEula isÿs lrhs'

fuys we;=<;a ni ;;ald,Sk .eñ jyrg jvd;a ióm h' th mßir j¾Kkd yd wjia:d ksrEmK fuka u mqoa., pß;j, iajNdjh iu. o ukdj noaO fõ' fmdÿfõ .;a l," ;;ald,Sk ,dxflah ck Ôú;fhys jQ lgql;ajh" foaYmd,k h:d¾:h fuka u" Ôú; h:d¾:h o" neoafoa.u kjl;dj uÕska ukdj ksrEmKh fõ'

ආචාර්යතුමා

wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh¡

·        l=udrisxy" l=,;s,l" ^2005&" woH;k isxy, kjl;d oaú;Sh Nd.h" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

·        l=udrisxy" l=,;s,l" ^2004&" woH;k isxy, kjl;d m%:u Nd.h" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

·        ;s,lr;ak" ñKsjka mS' ^1989&" ishjil fmr<sh yd isxy, kjl;dfõ moku" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

·        neoafoa.u" ^2001&" wkqjdoh" ta' mS' .=Kr;ak" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u'

·        ueoafoa.u" Woh m%Ydka;" ^1999&" ishjil isxy, kjl;d" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

·        rdclreKd" wdßh" ^1998&" idys;H rih yd kjl;d úpdrh" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

·         úl%uiQßh" irÉpkaø" ^2002&" isxy, kjl;dfõ úldYkh" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

·        úl%uiQßh irÉpkaø" ^1990&" isxy, kjl;djg uÕ mE§u" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

·        úl%uiQßh" irÉpkaø" ^1963&" kjl;d újrKh" fld<U" iS' i' tlai;a m%jD;a;s m;% iud.u'

·        irÉpkaø" tosrsùr" ^1999&" isxy, kjl;d b;sydih yd úpdrh" kqf.af.dv" iS' i' iriú fmd;ay,'

·        iqrùr" ta' ù' ^2001&" kjl;d ks¾udKh iy wjfndaOh" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

·        fiakdkdhl Ô' î' ^1945&" kjl;d l,dj" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u¡